Panchatantra (Origins )

A long time ago a king named Amarshakti, who reigned over the kingdom of Mahilaropya, lived. He was a good man and a very competent steward. The people of his kingdom loved him. The king had three sons-Bahushakti, Ugrashakti and Anantshakti.

The king was very busy in the affairs of the State and could not spend much time with his family. As he grew older, the king decided that he had crowned one of his sons as king after him. He called with his children and talked to them. But after he had spoken to his children, the king was appalled! Their children were not interested in learning anything. Their children will learn nothing of the school or the arts of the Government of the kingdom. The king was discouraged when he saw his children.

The next day he called his Council of Ministers, "minister," said once the meeting started, "there is a problem... a big problem if we do not solve it now...." Since I began to rule the kingdom, it has taken precedence over anything else. I... "Amarshakthi looked at his ministers, I spent all the time for the kingdom..." Now I regret that... I... "The King swallowed", "..." I haven't spent time with my kids. If I had spent more time with them before I would have known how they were.... "The king was calm and shut his eyes." The ministers said nothing...

The king opened his eyes and looked around at his ministers. "They have become bored... and..." The king once again looked at the minister. "How can these people be good people... and much less the right rules...?" The King despaired and closed his eyes again.

One of the ministers said, "Your Majesty!" Education is the only way to eliminate this selflessness....

Yet another minister intervened, "it takes at least twelve years for you to learn the grammar of Sanskrit... and they are real children..." We need to teach them the rules of administration... We don't have much time. The minister looked at the old king and whispered, apologized, "I am sorry, sir!"

The King nods and beckons his hands, "You say the truth, I get older and these kids need to learn quickly..." '

The king heard other ideas, none of them good.... Finally one of the ministers-he said: "Science, politics and diplomacy were boundless and would take their whole life to dominate..." Instead of teaching the scriptures and the texts of the princes, we must teach them wisdom in them... Mr! We could call Vishnu Sharma....

The king sat down and like the other ministers. Vishnu Sharma? Who's there?

Lord is an excellent guru, sir! He can teach Archangel Shastra in the shortest time... '

The other ministers also said, "Yes, sir!" That's a great idea! Vishnu Sharma is well known throughout the Kingdom and is an excellent teacher... '

Looking at his ministers, the king felt a little hope. ' Ask Vishnu Sharma guru to come and see me as soon as possible... '

The next day, Vishnu Sharma came into the royal palace with the Messengers of the Kings. The king received the master with great respect and honored the master.

After the hospitality, the king told the Guru all about his problem. Mr! I don't want to be rude. I'll give you a hundred villages and much more. Teach my Children, sir! The king watched Vishnu Sharma hopelessly.

Vishnu Sharma smiled and shook his head. Mr! I never sell knowledge for money! But... "Vishnu Sharma said, putting on the slain king," I will teach the Princes.... " "I will accept the challenge and will.

The king saw Vishnu Sharma with happiness, "if you can do it sir, I'll do it..." '

Vishnu Sharma cut the king with a wave of his hands, "I want to speak with your children, sir!"

rejoiced, the king called his children. Vishnu Sharma spoke to the children for a while. The king watched. Looking at the altruistic way in which his children answered, the king was sure that Vishnu Sharma would leave the palace without taking the job.

Finally Vishnu Sharma finished talking and sent the children away. Then he went to Amarshakthi and said, "Your Majesty!" Don't be afraid! I take the teachings of your children! I'll show you everything you need to know and also in six months!

 

The king saw Vishnu Sharma with tears in his eyes. "Lord, if you do this, I will give you what you want...." Why I go to... '

Vishnu Sharma has cut the king for the second time, "Your Majesty!" I'm an old man. You don't need to waste money on me. I'm doing this job because it defies me! Your kids... are smart... just bored.... I will make my stories interesting and present them well. Yes... "Vishnu Sharma has said, with conviction, I do not teach his children in six months, I will change my name..." '

The king looked at Vishnu Sharma with faith, but he knew enough of human nature to reach when a man spoke with absolute conviction and believed in what he said. The King nods. Vishnu Sharma looked at the king and said again, "Send the Princes with me to my hermitage." I'll show you there... '

The King nods and made preparations for the prince's journey the next day.

Vishnu Sharma was busy thinking he was lying in the royal bed that night. These princes cannot be taught by conventional education. I have to teach you the stories in a simple way. Probably the use of animals and teach you the moral... and teach you the art of the administration of the kingdom according to your father...

The next day, the princes and their guru went to their hermitage. During the teachings of the princes, Vishnu Sharma compiled the Panchatantra books based on the animal stories. [In Sanskrit ' Pancha ' signifie five et ' tantra ' signifie ' principes ']. Most of the stories were written by Vishnu Sharma himself. But some stories were a thousand years older and Vishnu Sharma embodies these stories in the most important story.

The Panchatantra is a collection of short stories under five headings-Mitra Bhedha [the loss of friends]; Mitra Samprapti [How to earn friends]; Kakolukiyam [of Owls and crows]; Labdha Prasanam [loss of gain] and Aparikshita Karakam [Impulse]

Vishnu Sharma told the stories so that each story collection began with a story woven along with other stories in history. Each story gave a vision of politics and practical wisdom that the essence or moral of the story was always similar to what a person faces in everyday life.

Taught in such a way, the princes heard every story with great interest and astonishment. In no time, the three princes became very competent in politics and were able to be administrators.

After six months, when the children returned to the kingdom, the king was surprised to see how much the prince had picked up in a short period of six months! Although he tried to give gifts to the guru who rejected him, Vishnu Sharma became popular throughout the kingdom.

The stories of Panchatantra are not only relevant that day, but it still holds well now!

The beginning of the Sanskrit Panchatantra is as follows:

"All the secular wisdom and inner meaning of life, which was written somewhere in every book, was compressed in the five books of the list of Vishnu Sharma!"

 

The Lion and the Bull (Stories of Panchatantra) IN ENGLISH

Once was a merchant named Vanmala. As a business man he travelled very quietly. At that time, the ox-cart, horse and carriage were the preferred way to travel from one place to another.

While Vanmala travelled through a jungle on the banks of the Jamuna River, one of his Sanjeevaka oxen collapsed. Vanmala was a very busy man. He called some of his servants and asked them to take care of the ox.

"Take care of Bullock!" If he goes well, take him to the next village next to you. otherwise... "Vanmala stopped at contemplating the sick face of the ox and did not finish his sentence." Somehow he felt that the ox would not live long...

The servants nodded and stood behind in the woods with the ox. But as the night came, the servants were frightened and nervous. The jungle was a scary place and at night it seemed dangerous. The servants were stiffly frightened. They saw the ox furious. The ox was tired and sick. The servants did not want to spend another night in the jungle. So they left the ox in the middle of the jungle and went to the nearest town.

They met Vanmala in the nearby town. "What happened...?" Vanmala asked to see his servants.

"Lord..." "One of the servants said hesitantly:"... "Lord, the Ox... He looked at the others. All the servants had decided to lie Vanmala. "The Ox is dead, sir." The servant said that the other servants also nodded their heads.

Vanmala nods. He could not find out that his slaves were lying to him. It was an old Bullock, after all. ' OK... Take a break now... We have work to do in the morning.... The servants nodding and happily went to sleep in their room.

However, Bullock Sanjeevaka was far from dead. The ox was tired of all the trips. When the servants of the Vanmala Sanjeevaka left behind, they had done something very good for the ox. The beef took enough rest and there was a lot of food in the forest. Take the rest and eat a lot of food, Sanjeevaka turned his strength. Sanjeevaka was happy and quickly became very strong.

The jungle was ruled by Pingalaka, a bold and strong lion. But the lion had not seen many oxen in his life. Once, when he drank the water of the Jamuna River, Pingalaka heard the loud and cheerful Sanjeevaka. Although Pingalaka was a courageous lion, he was afraid when he heard this noise, since he had never heard it in his whole life. Pingalaka escaped from the river and went deep into the forest away from the noise. Pingalaka knew that he should be the king of the forest and that he would not have been afraid. He sat in the hope that no one saw him flee. But two jackal-Karataka and Damanaka had seen that Pingalaka flee in terror.

Karataka and Damanaka were the children of the Ministers of Pingalaka. However, Pingalaka had rejected the parents of Karataka and Damanaka because they were not trustworthy.

Looking at all this, Karataka wanted to erase all this and go on. I did not want to interfere with things that do not affect them. Damanaka, however, wanted to become the King's minister. I knew if he became a minister, he'd have a lot of power. Damanaka also knew that he would get a lot of food if he was the King's minister.

Finally Karataka agreed and Damanaka went to the king.

"Lord!" Damanaka said crouching before the king, "I know...." I know something is bothering you... If you tell me what I am, will help you, sir!

Pingalaka asked me if I had to say any jackal or not... Damanaka was the son of a licensed minister. It does not need as the king at all... But finally Pingalaka decided that he had nothing to lose. I would always be careful with Damanaka. And also Damanaka can have a good idea...

So Pingalaka told the Jackal about the snort he heard. Damanaka nods and said, "Your Majesty!" I don't think you should be afraid of any noise, not knowing what it is. however... "Damanaka said, by taking the king, if all goes well with you sir, I will go and examine the noise..." '

Pingalaka was silent. Now he clearly felt uncomfortable to trust the Jackal. However, he decided that if the sound was a dangerous thing, it would be better to send the first jackal.

"OK, Damanaka," said the King shaking the Jackal, "go see what the noise is..."

 

Damaka nodded and slowly approached the place where Sanjeevaka was happy to dance and sniff. When he saw the bull, Damanaka almost laughed. Pingalaka The Great King was afraid of the bull. That's good news. As soon as I tell the King that he is only a bull, the king will make me a minister... Damanaka smiles... Things went very well...

Damanaka went to Pingalaka and bowed respectfully to him: "Lord, this sound was made by a bull Lord!"

Pingalaka looked Damanaka very confident and a little embarrassed too, "a bull?" He asked Damanaka with contempt.

Damanaka has bowed again, "Yes sir!" and Sir, please, I bring the bull to your servant, sir!

Pingalaka thought of everything that Damanaka said. Damanaka knew he was scared. of a bull. Pingalaka made a grimace. A bull... who could make a snort would indeed be a very powerful creature... It would be great to be a being like my friend.... Damanaka would be able to serve me once more...

"Damanaka!" Pingalaka groans: "If you really make this bull my servant, I will like you as my minister..." '

Damanaka bent and walked away without saying anything to feel happy.

He went to Sanjeevaka. "Bull, what are you doing here?" He claimed to be angry and asked the bull.

The bull looked at the jackal startled and disturbed, "I am only a poor bullock." My Master left me. "I have recovered my health now..."

Damanaka hid a smile and made himself furious: "Do you know that you are in the kingdom of the Great King-Pingalaka.?" It's his forest. You dare to come here and take our grass and not even tell us... '

Sanjeevaka spoke in trembling tones, "I am a city ox." I don't know anything about the rules of the jungle...

Damanaka cut, "Ignorance is no excuse!" "The King is furious, he eats!"

Sanjeevaka shook his head and said trembling: "Please, Jackal Sage, please tell the king of me...» Tell him not to eat me.

Damanaka looked at him coldly, "I will speak to the king, but I cannot promise him anything..." He said and went away.

Damanaka then came to Pingalaka and said, "Lord!" You were right! It's not an ordinary animal. He said it was Lord Shiva's vehicle. But I also told you that you Parvati the vehicle of the goddess. I told him that he must speak to you to graze permission in our countries... "Pingalaka looked wonderfully at the intelligence of the Damanaka." "He has accepted, as long as he is assured that he will not harm him in any way sir..."

Pingalaka slowly nods and accepts. His doubts about the disappearance of Damanaka. "Get him here!"

Damanaka then went to Sanjeevaka. "This king promised to see you." But don't feel too proud to be the King's new friend. If you do not respect me and work with me, I can assure you that you will lose the favor of the king. Damanaka said with a silky menace.

Sanjeevaka nodded and finally agreed to see the king. Pingalaka fills the healthy Sanjeevaka. They greeted each other and finally told him Sanjeevaka all about himself. "I was left behind." It's Her Majesty. Now I'm here to ask for your safety.

Pingalaka smiled, "You have to my friend!" even bigger animals feel dangerous!

Pingalaka made Damanaka and Karataka his ministers.

The Jackals felt that the lion would spend most of his time with Sanjeevaka and let them manipulate the affairs of the State, but this plan was defeated. Pingalaka Sanjeevaka to trust in the affairs of the State. To supplement this, Pingalaka was to abandon the hunt, according to the teachings of Sanjeevaka.

This made Damanaka and Karataka very angry because they ate the remains of what Pingalaka had killed. Often they had to go hungry... The two boys decided that they had created a battle between Pingalaka and Sanjeevaka.

Then Damanaka went to Pingalaka and spoke to him, "Lord!" Your friendship with Sanjeevaka... '

Pingalaka saw Damanaka furiously: "What about...?" He said he shoved his paws furiously.

"It's someone who eats grass and you're someone who eats other animals, sir." Always eat grass, but you gave up your food... for him... you don't feel it, sir? Damanaka asked to pretend to be angry. "Don't you feel weak while Sanjeevaka will be stronger and stronger...?"

To hear the words of Damanaka, the Pingalaka were made angry. "He's a good friend, and he told me a lot of knowledge..." '

 

"Good friend"? "Damanaka says with a smile, a good friend who wants you weaker than him so that he can kill you and manage the affairs of the State itself..." "Damanaka said dry, as he is, he is responsible for the affairs of the forest." He just wants the control complete... '

"A lie...!" Pingalaka shouted and caught himself in Damanaka. Damanaka avoided the paw, but saw the king for a while. Intelligently Damanaka said nothing and went away. He left the king to his own thoughts.

Damannaka then went to Sanjeevaka and nods his head painfully. "Did I not tell you to keep us as your friends...?"

Sanjeevaka looked Damanaka surprised. "When are you going to stop being friends with you...?" They have always been... '

Damanaka laughed without any form of humor, "You taught the King not to kill other animals." It is not in its nature... It is a predator.... He is starving most of the time.... Damanaka looked at Sanjjevaka and whispered to him. "He plans to kill you Sanjeevaka...so that he can regain his energy and become the mighty sovereign again." '

Sanjeeka again Damanaka, "You lie!"... Pingalaka is a good lion. He's smart... '

«.. . " And he is a predator.... " "Damanaka said to interrupt." "I don't want anything to happen to you, so let yourself be ready when you meet Pingalaka next time." I recommend you to flee. But I do not think you will hear so please be careful... '

Sanjeevaka has shaken his head, but already a shadow of doubt was formed in his head.

Pingalaka also thought of the words of the Jackal and decided to be cautious about Sanjeevaka.

When Pingalaka Sanjeevaka the next day, he saw that the bull was sniffing and holding his horns ready to attack him. Pingalaka was furious. Why is this ox pricked? He's really going to kill me. I have my friend... he gave the utmost respect and listened, and that is how I pay... I will... '

Poor Sanjeevaka doesn't even have a chance. The lion threw him up and killed him even before he had a chance. Damanaka and Karataka saw this on the happy side that they had realized what they had wanted for their cunning, and made sure that they were the ministers, and they have a lot of food.

Pingalaka Unfortunately lost a good friend of rash action...

This is the most important story of the first part of the Panchatantra. The other stories are woven into the most important story as part of dialogues between the main characters...

 

 

Gatothgaja -1 IN ENGLISH

Duryodhana, Major Kauravas was really jealous of his cousins-the Pandavas. After the death of Pele and Madri + D, the Pandavas had returned from the forest with her mother Kunti, Duryodhana could not bear it. Duryodhana saw the Pandavas as his enemy and did not care who knew it.

The crazy jealousy of Duryodhana and eating and was not supported by the fact that Bheema, the second Pandava, was fiercely strong. Even when I was a child, Bheema was a very strong and Bheema found the fragile Kauravas very funny.

Bheema was born and raised in the woods. The rough jungle had just Bheema strengthened and Bheema, but contempt for the soft Kauravas, who knew no more than the luxury of the palace.

Bheema used to intimidate the Kauravas and the Kauravas were really frightened of him. In fact, when used to see Bheema, the Kauravas used to hide in the trees. And Bheema would still not leave the Kauravas alone. Bheema used to be at the bottom of the tree and with his savage force, Bheema uses to shake the same tree.

The boys of Kauravas fell out of the tree like fruit and were shaken and fled by the young Bheema who laughed at the escape of Kauravas princes.

And all these events only made Duryodhana hate the Pandavas even more.

The hatred of Duryodhana for the Pandavas and the Bheema is peculiar that when everything began to learn the war and the science of the administration of the Kingdom of Dronacharya, Duryodhana really tried to kill Bheema.

Duryodhana poisoned the food that was to be eaten by Bheema and when the stunned Bheema fell unconscious, Duryodhana the hands and feet of the Bheema and pushed the second Pandava into the river.

And without a second glance, Duryodhana moved away from the place.

Luckily for Bheema, the place under the river where Duryodhana had pushed him had a huge kingdom of snakes. Snakes Bite the unconscious Bheema as it sank into the waters. The poison in the body of Bheema and the venom of the serpent acted as antidote to each other and the venom of the Bheema system was completely gone when it came to the kingdom of the Serpents.

And spoke with the serpents, Bheema realized that he was connected with serpents by his mother--Kunti. The snakes were very happy for their new visitors, but they had come to them in unfortunate circumstances. In honor of his new guests, the snakes fed Bheema with the nectar of snakes. It is believed that this drink is actually made Bheema even stronger than before.

And so the first plan of the Duryodhana to kill Bheema was seriously wounded. After the urging of the Bheema into the river, Duryodhana returned to the palace and claimed that he had no knowledge of what was happening with Bheema. Kunti and the Pandavas were plagued and continued to comb the river for some signs of Bheema and that was when they had a hint of foul play. But Duryodhana was silent and said absolutely nothing.

Duryodhana almost thought he had escaped with him when the impossible happened. Bheema came back from the dead. And not only that, Bheema came back even stronger than before. and a little wiser.

The event was a revelation-both for the Pandavas and for the Duryodhana.

Duryodhana realized that he would have to be more cautious to get rid of his pesky cousins in the future because they seemed to be happy and the Pandavas realized that Duryodhana was really crazy in his jealousy and that there was no line that Duryodhana not de Croix Si sig Nificó The destruction of the Pandavas.

That's why the Pandavas never talked about the incident. The Pandavas feared that if you talked about incorporating Duryodhana into the whole question, Duryodhana could do something even more horrible.

But just because the Pandavas were still, he did not Duryodhana to change his mind. Duryodhana was as bad as ever and his plans, if something more daring and the next time, Duryodhana had an even bolder plan to kill the Pandavas.

 

Duryodhana spoke very well of a place called Varanavatha, where the great festival should be organized in honor of Lord Shiva. Duryodhana manipulated the things he sent the Pandavas to Varanavatha and in the time the Pandavas went there, Duryodhana had built a beautiful palace. The palace was one of the most beautiful buildings of its time and certainly the fuel-because the palace was made from the lake.

 

And Duryodhana was a patient this time. He did not want any of the events that never lead to him, so Duryodhana wanted for a whole year. The Pandavas had lived in the palace of Vanaravatha for a whole year, when Duryodhana by one of his men named Purochana, put his plan in action.

In the death of the night, when a great feast took place during the day, when Duryodhana was sure that the Pandavas were deeply asleep, Duryodhana asked Purochana to put the entire palace on fire.

In the death of the night, a fire broke out at the Palacio Lac de Varanavata. The Palace lake was built entirely of things that could burn and burn very easily. The time between the beginning of the fire and the spread of the fire was therefore too short.

The people of Varanavata were horrified when they saw that the entire Lake Palace fell into flames. People tried to use the flames of the palace, and it was then that they discovered something impossible-the fire spread too quickly. Too fast, only in case of a normal fire. The fire was still furious and there was no part of the palace that had escaped even the fire.

The next morning was a charred body of a woman with five men in the palace and the people were frightened.

They all recognized that the Pandavas had disappeared, and this time there was no one to bring them back. And the fire had begun from the room in which Purochana slept, which was also killed in the fire.

So the whole kingdom believed that the wicked Purochana had set fire to the Palace of the lake and the same Purochana died in the fire.

Back in Hastinapur, Duryodhana could not conceal his delight when he heard of the six corpses found in the Lake Palace. And with the death of the Purochana, Duryodhana realized that another loose end was tied up and this time nothing I could bring back to him. And Duryodhana was really happy. He felt that he had got rid of the Pandavas in a masterful movement and that he had done without any suspicion that they would come to him.